A Dutch protectorate, the Riau-Lingga Sultanate, was established in the region between 18 before being directly ruled by the Dutch East Indies. The Riau archipelago was once part of the Johor Sultanate, which was later partitioned between the Dutch East Indies and British Malaya after the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824, in which the archipelago fell under Dutch influence. The capital of the province is Tanjung Pinang and the largest city is Batam. The Riau Islands also has a relatively large potential of mineral resources, energy, as well as marine resources. Situated on one of the world's busiest shipping lanes along the Malacca Strait and the South China Sea, the province shares water borders with neighboring countries such as Singapore, Malaysia, and Brunei. It comprises a total of 1,796 islands scattered between Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, and Borneo including the Riau Archipelago. The Riau Islands ( Indonesian: Kepulauan Riau) is a province of Indonesia. Javanese, Minangkabau, Batak, Buginese, Banjarese, Chinese
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